/* =========================================================
   IJASCE Modern Theme  (child of "responsive")
   ========================================================= */
:root {
	--ij-navy: #0f2a4a;
	--ij-navy-2: #12305a;
	--ij-teal: #0d5c68;
	--ij-teal-2: #0a4c57;
	--ij-green: #1f8a4c;
	--ij-green-2: #187340;
	--ij-green-soft: #e9f5ef;
	--ij-orange: #e8711c;
	--ij-text: #1f2937;
	--ij-muted: #6b7280;
	--ij-line: #d9e1ea;
	--ij-bg: #f4f6f9;
	--ij-radius: 6px;
	--ij-font: "Inter", "Noto Sans", "Segoe UI", Roboto, Arial, sans-serif;
}

body.ij-theme {
	background: #fff;
	color: var(--ij-text);
	font-family: var(--ij-font);
	font-size: 15px;
	line-height: 1.6;
}
.ij-theme a { color: var(--ij-teal); }
.ij-theme a:hover, .ij-theme a:focus { color: var(--ij-green); }
.ij-theme h1, .ij-theme h2, .ij-theme h3, .ij-theme h4, .ij-theme h5 { font-family: var(--ij-font); color: var(--ij-navy); }

.ij-container { max-width: 1320px; margin: 0 auto; padding: 0 24px; box-sizing: border-box; }
.ij-container::after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; }

/* ---------- Header ---------- */
.ij-header { background: #fff; position: relative; z-index: 50; }
.ij-header__top { border-bottom: 1px solid #eef1f4; }
.ij-header__inner { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 24px; padding-top: 18px; padding-bottom: 18px; }

.ij-brand { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 14px; text-decoration: none !important; flex-shrink: 0; }
.ij-brand__mark { width: 64px; height: 72px; }
.ij-brand__img { max-height: 80px; width: auto; }
.ij-brand__acronym { font-size: 52px; font-weight: 800; letter-spacing: -1px; color: var(--ij-navy); line-height: 1; }

.ij-identity { border-left: 2px solid var(--ij-navy); padding-left: 18px; max-width: 460px; }
.ij-identity__name { font-size: 20px; line-height: 1.25; font-weight: 600; color: var(--ij-navy); }
.ij-identity__meta { margin-top: 4px; font-size: 13px; color: var(--ij-navy); }
.ij-identity__meta span + span::before { content: "|"; margin: 0 8px; color: var(--ij-muted); }

.ij-header__tools { margin-left: auto; display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 24px; }
.ij-search { display: flex; align-items: center; border: 1px solid var(--ij-line); border-radius: var(--ij-radius); background: #fff; width: 210px; }
.ij-search input { border: 0; outline: 0; padding: 8px 12px; font-size: 14px; width: 100%; background: transparent; }
.ij-search button { border: 0; background: transparent; padding: 0 12px; color: var(--ij-navy); cursor: pointer; }
.ij-search:focus-within { border-color: var(--ij-teal); box-shadow: 0 0 0 3px rgba(13,92,104,.12); }

.ij-userlinks { list-style: none; margin: 0; padding: 0; display: flex; gap: 22px; align-items: center; }
.ij-userlinks > li > a, .ij-userlinks .ij-dropdown__toggle { color: var(--ij-navy-2); font-size: 14px; font-weight: 500; text-decoration: none; }
.ij-userlinks i { margin-right: 4px; }

.ij-navtoggle { display: none; margin-left: auto; border: 1px solid var(--ij-line); background: #fff; border-radius: var(--ij-radius); padding: 6px 12px; font-size: 20px; color: var(--ij-navy); }

/* Primary nav bar */
.ij-nav { background: var(--ij-teal); }
.ij-nav .ij-menu { float: none; display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; margin: 0; padding: 0; list-style: none; }
.ij-nav .ij-menu > li { float: none; position: relative; }
.ij-nav .ij-menu > li > a {
	display: block; color: #fff !important; font-size: 15px; font-weight: 500;
	padding: 11px 24px; background: transparent; text-decoration: none;
}
.ij-nav .ij-menu > li > a .fa-home { display: none; }
.ij-nav .ij-menu > li > a .fa-angle-down { margin-left: 6px; }
.ij-nav .ij-menu > li:hover > a,
.ij-nav .ij-menu > li > a:focus,
.ij-nav .ij-menu > li.open > a { background: var(--ij-teal-2); }
.ij-nav .ij-menu > li > a.active,
.ij-nav .ij-menu > li:first-child > a { background: var(--ij-green); }
.ij-nav .ij-menu .dropdown-menu {
	display: none; position: absolute; top: 100%; left: 0; min-width: 260px; max-height: 70vh; overflow-y: auto;
	margin: 0; padding: 6px 0; background: #fff; border: 1px solid var(--ij-line); border-radius: 0 0 var(--ij-radius) var(--ij-radius);
	box-shadow: 0 10px 24px rgba(15,42,74,.12); list-style: none;
}
.ij-nav .ij-menu > li:hover > .dropdown-menu,
.ij-nav .ij-menu > li.open > .dropdown-menu { display: block; }
.ij-nav .ij-menu .dropdown-menu a { display: block; padding: 8px 18px; color: var(--ij-navy); font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; text-decoration: none; }
.ij-nav .ij-menu .dropdown-menu a:hover { background: var(--ij-green-soft); color: var(--ij-green); }

/* Hero (homepage only) */
.ij-hero { margin-bottom: 8px; }
.ij-hero img { width: 100%; height: auto; display: block; }
.ij-hero .journalSliderWrp { margin: 0; }

/* ---------- Layout ---------- */
.ij-layout { display: grid; grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) 330px; gap: 32px; padding-top: 8px; padding-bottom: 40px; }
.ij-layout--full { grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr); }
.ij-theme .pkp_structure_main.ij-main { float: none; width: auto; padding: 0; min-width: 0; }
.ij-theme .pkp_structure_main.ij-main::before, .ij-theme .pkp_structure_main.ij-main::after { display: none; }

/* Breadcrumbs */
.ij-theme .cmp_breadcrumbs .breadcrumb { background: transparent; padding: 12px 0 14px; margin: 0 0 18px; border-bottom: 1px solid #eef1f4; border-radius: 0; font-size: 14px; }
.ij-theme .cmp_breadcrumbs .breadcrumb a { color: var(--ij-teal); }
.ij-theme .cmp_breadcrumbs .breadcrumb > .active { color: var(--ij-teal); }

/* ---------- Article page ---------- */
.ij-article { padding: 0 8px 0 4px; }
.ij-article__top { display: flex; align-items: flex-start; justify-content: space-between; gap: 16px; flex-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 14px; }
.ij-article__badges { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 22px; padding-top: 6px; }
.ij-badge { background: var(--ij-green); color: #fff; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 500; padding: 4px 10px; border-radius: 3px; }
.ij-oa-badge { display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 6px; color: var(--ij-orange); font-weight: 600; font-size: 14px; }
.ij-oa-badge svg { width: 16px; height: 24px; }
.ij-stats { list-style: none; margin: 0; padding: 0; display: flex; gap: 30px; }
.ij-stats li { display: flex; gap: 10px; align-items: flex-start; color: var(--ij-navy); font-size: 13px; }
.ij-stats i { font-size: 18px; margin-top: 2px; }
.ij-stats span { display: flex; flex-direction: column; line-height: 1.35; }
.ij-stats strong { font-weight: 600; }

.ij-article__title { font-size: 34px; line-height: 1.2; font-weight: 800; color: var(--ij-navy); margin: 0 0 16px; letter-spacing: -.3px; }
.ij-article__title small { display: block; font-size: 60%; font-weight: 600; color: var(--ij-teal); margin-top: 6px; }

.ij-authors { list-style: none; margin: 0 0 10px; padding: 0; display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 4px 10px; font-size: 17px; font-weight: 500; color: var(--ij-navy); }
.ij-authors li { display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 4px; }
.ij-authors sup { font-size: 11px; top: -.6em; }
.ij-orcid { display: inline-flex; width: 18px; height: 18px; border-radius: 50%; background: #a6ce39; color: #fff !important; font-size: 9px; font-weight: 700; align-items: center; justify-content: center; text-decoration: none !important; margin-left: 2px; }
.ij-authors__contact { color: var(--ij-muted); font-size: 13px; }

.ij-affiliations { margin: 0 0 16px; padding: 0; list-style: none; counter-reset: aff; font-size: 14.5px; color: #374151; }
.ij-affiliations li { counter-increment: aff; }
.ij-affiliations li::before { content: counter(aff); font-size: 10px; vertical-align: super; margin-right: 4px; }
.ij-affiliations--plain li::before { content: none; }

.ij-meta { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; align-items: center; gap: 8px 0; font-size: 14.5px; color: #374151; margin-bottom: 18px; }
.ij-meta > span { padding: 0 16px; border-left: 1px solid var(--ij-line); }
.ij-meta > span:first-child { padding-left: 0; border-left: 0; }
.ij-meta strong { color: var(--ij-navy); font-weight: 600; }
.ij-meta__doi { display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 8px; }
.ij-meta__doi .fa { color: var(--ij-teal); }
.ij-doi-icon { display: inline-flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; width: 26px; height: 26px; border-radius: 50%; background: var(--ij-navy-2); color: #fff; font-size: 10px; font-weight: 700; }

.ij-actions { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 10px; margin-bottom: 28px; }
.ij-btn {
	display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 10px; height: 46px; padding: 0 20px;
	border: 1.5px solid var(--ij-navy-2); border-radius: var(--ij-radius); background: #fff;
	color: var(--ij-navy) !important; font-size: 14.5px; font-weight: 600; text-decoration: none !important; cursor: pointer; white-space: nowrap;
	transition: background .15s, color .15s, border-color .15s;
}
.ij-btn .fa { font-size: 17px; }
.ij-btn:hover { background: var(--ij-navy-2); color: #fff !important; }
.ij-btn--primary { background: var(--ij-green); border-color: var(--ij-green); color: #fff !important; min-width: 220px; justify-content: space-between; font-size: 16px; }
.ij-btn--primary:hover { background: var(--ij-green-2); border-color: var(--ij-green-2); }

/* Generic dropdown (share / citation / user) */
.ij-dropdown { position: relative; display: inline-block; }
.ij-dropdown__toggle { font-family: inherit; }
.ij-userlinks .ij-dropdown__toggle { border: 0; background: transparent; cursor: pointer; padding: 0; }
.ij-dropdown__menu {
	display: none; position: absolute; top: calc(100% + 4px); left: 0; z-index: 60; min-width: 220px;
	margin: 0; padding: 6px 0; list-style: none; background: #fff; border: 1px solid var(--ij-line);
	border-radius: var(--ij-radius); box-shadow: 0 10px 24px rgba(15,42,74,.14);
}
.ij-userlinks .ij-dropdown__menu { left: auto; right: 0; }
.ij-dropdown.is-open > .ij-dropdown__menu { display: block; }
.ij-dropdown__menu a { display: block; padding: 8px 16px; color: var(--ij-navy) !important; font-size: 14px; text-decoration: none !important; }
.ij-dropdown__menu a:hover { background: var(--ij-green-soft); }
.ij-dropdown__menu .fa { width: 18px; color: var(--ij-teal); }

.ij-supp { margin: -12px 0 24px; font-size: 14px; }
.ij-supp .galley-link { margin-left: 8px; }

.ij-section { margin-bottom: 26px; }
.ij-section__title { position: relative; font-size: 21px; font-weight: 700; margin: 0 0 10px; padding-left: 48px; color: var(--ij-navy); }
.ij-section__title::before { content: ""; position: absolute; left: 0; top: 50%; width: 34px; height: 4px; margin-top: -2px; background: var(--ij-green); border-radius: 2px; }
.ij-abstract { padding-left: 48px; color: #4b5563; font-size: 15.5px; line-height: 1.7; text-align: justify; }
.ij-abstract p { margin: 0 0 10px; }

.ij-keywords { list-style: none; margin: 0; padding: 0 0 0 48px; display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 8px; }
.ij-keywords a { display: inline-block; padding: 4px 12px; border: 1px solid var(--ij-line); border-radius: 4px; color: var(--ij-navy) !important; font-size: 14px; text-decoration: none !important; }
.ij-keywords a:hover { border-color: var(--ij-green); background: var(--ij-green-soft); }

.ij-cite { display: flex; gap: 18px; align-items: flex-start; background: var(--ij-green-soft); border-radius: var(--ij-radius); padding: 18px 20px; margin-bottom: 26px; }
.ij-cite__icon { font-size: 34px; color: var(--ij-navy-2); margin-top: 4px; }
.ij-cite__content { flex: 1; min-width: 0; }
.ij-cite__title { font-size: 18px; font-weight: 700; margin: 0 0 6px; }
.ij-cite #citationOutput { font-size: 14.5px; color: #374151; word-break: break-word; }
.ij-cite #citationOutput .csl-entry { padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0; }
.ij-cite__formats { margin-top: 8px; }
.ij-link-btn { border: 0; background: none; padding: 0; color: var(--ij-teal); font-size: 13.5px; font-weight: 600; cursor: pointer; }
.ij-copy { flex-shrink: 0; width: 46px; height: 42px; background: #fff; border: 1px solid var(--ij-line); border-radius: var(--ij-radius); color: var(--ij-navy-2); font-size: 18px; cursor: pointer; }
.ij-copy:hover, .ij-copy.is-done { border-color: var(--ij-green); color: var(--ij-green); }

.ij-references { padding-left: 20px; margin: 0; font-size: 14.5px; color: #374151; }
.ij-references li { margin-bottom: 8px; padding-left: 4px; word-break: break-word; }
.ij-references--raw { padding-left: 48px; }
.ij-license { padding-left: 48px; font-size: 14px; color: #4b5563; }

/* ---------- Sidebar ---------- */
.ij-theme .ij-sidebar { float: none; width: auto; padding: 0; margin-top: 8px; }
.ij-card { background: #fff; border: 1px solid var(--ij-line); border-radius: var(--ij-radius); margin-bottom: 14px; overflow: hidden; }
.ij-card__title {
	display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 10px; margin: 0; padding: 9px 16px;
	background: var(--ij-navy); color: #fff !important; font-size: 15px; font-weight: 600; line-height: 1.3;
}
.ij-card__title .fa { width: 16px; text-align: center; }
.ij-card__action { margin-left: auto; color: #fff !important; font-size: 13px; font-weight: 500; text-decoration: none !important; }
.ij-card__body { padding: 12px 16px; margin: 0; }
.ij-muted { color: var(--ij-muted); font-size: 12.5px; }

.ij-links { list-style: none; padding-left: 0; }
.ij-links li { padding: 3px 0; }
.ij-links a { color: var(--ij-teal); font-size: 13.5px; text-decoration: none; }
.ij-links a::before { content: "\f105"; font-family: FontAwesome; margin-right: 10px; color: var(--ij-navy); }
.ij-links--chevron li { border-bottom: 1px solid #eef1f4; padding: 5px 0; }
.ij-links--chevron li:last-child { border-bottom: 0; }
.ij-links--chevron a { display: flex; color: #374151; }
.ij-links--chevron a::after { content: "\f105"; font-family: FontAwesome; margin-left: auto; color: var(--ij-navy); }
.ij-links--chevron a:hover { color: var(--ij-green); }

.ij-issue { display: flex; gap: 14px; }
.ij-issue__cover { flex: 0 0 82px; }
.ij-issue__cover img { width: 82px; height: auto; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: 0 2px 6px rgba(0,0,0,.18); }
.ij-issue__placeholder { display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; width: 82px; height: 110px; background: linear-gradient(160deg, var(--ij-navy), var(--ij-teal)); color: #fff; font-weight: 800; border-radius: 3px; }
.ij-issue__info { display: flex; flex-direction: column; font-size: 14px; color: var(--ij-navy); }
.ij-issue__info .ij-links { margin: 8px 0 0; }

.ij-submit-btn {
	display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 14px; margin-bottom: 14px; padding: 12px 18px;
	background: var(--ij-green); color: #fff !important; border-radius: var(--ij-radius); font-weight: 600; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none !important;
}
.ij-submit-btn .fa-arrow-right { margin-left: auto; }
.ij-submit-btn:hover { background: var(--ij-green-2); }

.ij-lang { list-style: none; display: flex; padding: 0; }
.ij-lang li { flex: 1; text-align: center; }
.ij-lang a { display: block; padding: 6px; font-size: 13px; color: #374151; }
.ij-lang li.is-current a { background: var(--ij-green-soft); color: var(--ij-green); font-weight: 600; }

.ij-indexing { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr); gap: 8px; align-items: center; }
.ij-indexing img { width: 100%; height: auto; }
.ij-more { display: inline-block; margin-top: 8px; font-size: 13px; color: var(--ij-teal); }
.ij-more--right { display: block; text-align: right; padding: 0 16px 10px; margin: 0; }

.ij-oa { display: flex; gap: 12px; align-items: center; padding-bottom: 4px; }
.ij-oa__logo { flex: 0 0 34px; height: 52px; }
.ij-oa p { margin: 0; font-size: 12.5px; line-height: 1.45; color: #374151; }

.ij-news { list-style: none; }
.ij-news li { display: flex; gap: 10px; justify-content: space-between; padding: 5px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #eef1f4; font-size: 13px; }
.ij-news li:last-child { border-bottom: 0; }
.ij-news a { color: #374151; }
.ij-news a::before { content: "\f105"; font-family: FontAwesome; margin-right: 8px; color: var(--ij-navy); }
.ij-news .ij-muted { white-space: nowrap; }

/* Blocks configured by the journal manager */
.ij-sidebar__blocks .pkp_block { background: #fff; border: 1px solid var(--ij-line); border-radius: var(--ij-radius); margin-bottom: 14px; padding: 0 0 12px; overflow: hidden; }
.ij-sidebar__blocks .pkp_block > .title,
.ij-sidebar__blocks .pkp_block > h2:first-child:not(.pkp_screen_reader) {
	position: static !important; width: auto !important; height: auto !important; clip: auto !important; overflow: visible !important;
	display: block; margin: 0 0 10px; padding: 9px 16px; background: var(--ij-navy); color: #fff; font-size: 15px; font-weight: 600;
}
.ij-sidebar__blocks .pkp_block > .content { padding: 0 16px; }
/* Duplicates of the theme blocks above: hidden (disable them in Website > Sidebar to remove completely) */
.ij-sidebar__blocks .block_make_submission,
.ij-sidebar__blocks #customblock-navigasi,
.ij-sidebar__blocks #customblock-indexed-by,
.ij-sidebar__blocks #customblock-quick-menu { display: none !important; }

/* ---------- Footer ---------- */
.ij-footer { background: var(--ij-navy); color: #e5ecf4; font-size: 13.5px; margin-top: 0; min-width: 0; padding: 0; }
.ij-footer a { color: #fff; }
.ij-footer a:hover { color: #9be3b8; }
.ij-footer__inner { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 40px; padding-top: 16px; padding-bottom: 16px; flex-wrap: wrap; }
.ij-footer__brand { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 16px; }
.ij-footer__acronym { font-size: 26px; font-weight: 800; color: #fff; letter-spacing: -.5px; }
.ij-footer__meta { color: #b9c6d6; font-size: 12.5px; }
.ij-footer__publisher a { font-weight: 600; }
.ij-footer__links { margin-left: auto; display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 12px; }
.ij-footer__icon { font-size: 18px; margin-left: 8px; }
.ij-footer__license { border-top: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.12); padding: 10px 0; font-size: 12.5px; color: #b9c6d6; }
.ij-footer__license img { vertical-align: middle; margin-right: 8px; }

/* Hide parent-theme leftovers that are not part of the new layout */
.ij-theme #menuOnTop, .ij-theme label[for="menuOnTop"] { display: none !important; }

/* ---------- Responsive ---------- */
@media (max-width: 1199px) {
	.ij-identity { display: none; }
	.ij-layout { grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) 290px; gap: 24px; }
}
@media (max-width: 991px) {
	.ij-header__tools { display: none; }
	.ij-navtoggle { display: block; }
	.ij-header.is-nav-open .ij-header__tools { display: flex; flex-direction: column; align-items: stretch; position: absolute; top: 100%; left: 0; right: 0; background: #fff; padding: 14px 24px; gap: 12px; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--ij-line); }
	.ij-header.is-nav-open .ij-search { width: 100%; }
	.ij-nav { display: none; }
	.ij-header.is-nav-open .ij-nav { display: block; }
	.ij-header.is-nav-open .ij-header__top { padding-bottom: 110px; }
	.ij-nav .ij-menu { flex-direction: column; }
	.ij-nav .ij-menu > li > a { padding: 10px 4px; }
	.ij-nav .ij-menu > li:hover > .dropdown-menu { display: none; }
	.ij-nav .ij-menu > li.open > .dropdown-menu { display: block; position: static; box-shadow: none; border: 0; background: var(--ij-teal-2); max-height: none; }
	.ij-nav .ij-menu .dropdown-menu a { color: #fff; }
	.ij-layout { grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr); }
	.ij-footer__links { margin-left: 0; }
}
@media (max-width: 600px) {
	.ij-container { padding: 0 16px; }
	.ij-brand__acronym { font-size: 36px; }
	.ij-brand__mark { width: 44px; height: 50px; }
	.ij-article__title { font-size: 25px; }
	.ij-stats { gap: 18px; }
	.ij-btn { flex: 1 1 100%; justify-content: center; }
	.ij-dropdown { flex: 1 1 100%; }
	.ij-dropdown > .ij-btn { width: 100%; }
	.ij-meta > span { padding: 0; border: 0; flex: 1 1 100%; }
	.ij-section__title { padding-left: 0; padding-top: 10px; }
	.ij-section__title::before { top: 0; margin: 0; }
	.ij-abstract, .ij-keywords, .ij-references--raw, .ij-license { padding-left: 0; }
	.ij-cite { flex-wrap: wrap; }
}

/* Neutralise generic parent-theme selectors (header a, body, footer) */
.ij-header a { color: var(--ij-navy); }
.ij-theme .pkp_structure_content.ij-layout { width: auto !important; background: transparent; }
.ij-authors li { gap: 3px; } .ij-authors__sep { margin-left: -2px; }

/* =========================================================
   Sidebar tweaks (design v2)
   ========================================================= */
.ij-indexing { grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr); }
.ij-crossref { display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; gap: 4px; font-weight: 700; font-size: 14px; color: #3d3d3d !important; text-decoration: none !important; }
.ij-crossref svg { width: 20px; height: 20px; }
.ij-links--chevron li.is-current { background: var(--ij-green-soft); margin: 0 -18px; padding-left: 18px; padding-right: 18px; }

/* =========================================================
   Sidebar spacing fixes: icon box, inner padding, bullets
   ========================================================= */
.ij-card__title { gap: 12px; padding: 10px 18px; }
.ij-card__title > .fa:first-child { flex: 0 0 20px; width: 20px; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1; text-align: center; }
.ij-card__action { padding-left: 10px; white-space: nowrap; }
.ij-card__action .fa { font-size: 12px; margin-left: 4px; }

/* keep the card padding even on lists (.ij-links / .ij-lang used to reset it to 0) */
.ij-card__body, ul.ij-card__body { padding: 10px 18px 12px; margin: 0; }

/* bullets and chevrons in their own column so wrapped lines stay aligned */
.ij-links a { display: flex; align-items: baseline; gap: 10px; line-height: 1.45; }
.ij-links a::before { flex: 0 0 8px; margin-right: 0; }
.ij-links--chevron li { padding: 7px 0; }
.ij-links--chevron a::after { flex: 0 0 auto; padding-left: 12px; }

.ij-news li { gap: 12px; padding: 7px 0; line-height: 1.45; }
.ij-news a { display: flex; align-items: baseline; gap: 8px; }
.ij-news a::before { flex: 0 0 8px; margin-right: 0; }

.ij-issue { gap: 16px; }
.ij-issue__info .ij-links li { padding: 2px 0; }
.ij-lang { gap: 6px; }
.ij-lang a { border-radius: 4px; padding: 7px 8px; }
.ij-oa { gap: 14px; }
.ij-more--right { padding: 0 18px 12px; }
.ij-submit-btn { padding: 12px 20px; }

.ij-sidebar__blocks .pkp_block > .title,
.ij-sidebar__blocks .pkp_block > h2:first-child:not(.pkp_screen_reader) { padding: 10px 18px; }
.ij-sidebar__blocks .pkp_block > .content { padding: 0 18px; }

/* =========================================================
   Sidebar polish v3: consistent heading/icon size, wider gutters
   ========================================================= */
.ij-sidebar { --ij-side-pad: 20px; }
.ij-card { margin-bottom: 16px; }

/* Heading bar: 15px text, 14px icon in a fixed 18px column */
.ij-card__title,
.ij-sidebar__blocks .pkp_block > .title {
	display: flex !important; align-items: center; gap: 10px;
	min-height: 42px; box-sizing: border-box;
	padding: 10px var(--ij-side-pad); margin: 0;
	font-size: 15px; font-weight: 600; line-height: 1.3; letter-spacing: .1px;
}
.ij-card__title > .fa:first-child,
.ij-sidebar__blocks .pkp_block > .title::before {
	flex: 0 0 18px; width: 18px; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1; text-align: center; opacity: .9;
}
.ij-card__action { font-size: 12.5px; font-weight: 500; padding-left: 12px; }
.ij-card__action .fa { font-size: 11px; margin-left: 5px; }

/* Body: same side padding everywhere */
.ij-card__body, ul.ij-card__body { padding: 12px var(--ij-side-pad) 14px; }
.ij-links--chevron li.is-current { margin: 0 calc(-1 * var(--ij-side-pad)); padding-left: var(--ij-side-pad); padding-right: var(--ij-side-pad); }
.ij-more--right { padding: 0 var(--ij-side-pad) 14px; }
.ij-oa { padding-bottom: 0; }
.ij-oa__logo { flex: 0 0 30px; height: 46px; }

/* Submit button: smaller icons, same gutter as the cards */
.ij-submit-btn { gap: 12px; padding: 12px var(--ij-side-pad); margin-bottom: 16px; font-size: 15px; }
.ij-submit-btn .fa { font-size: 14px; width: 18px; text-align: center; }
.ij-submit-btn .fa-arrow-right { width: auto; font-size: 13px; }

/* Blocks from Website > Sidebar (e.g. Keyword Cloud) */
.ij-sidebar__blocks .pkp_block { margin-bottom: 16px; padding-bottom: 14px; }
.ij-sidebar__blocks .pkp_block > .title { background: var(--ij-navy); color: #fff; margin-bottom: 12px; }
.ij-sidebar__blocks .pkp_block > .content { padding: 0 var(--ij-side-pad); }
.ij-sidebar__blocks .side_header { display: none !important; } /* parent-theme gradient tab with margin-left:-15px */
.ij-sidebar__blocks .block_Keywordcloud > .title::before { content: "\f02c"; font-family: FontAwesome; font-weight: normal; }
.ij-sidebar__blocks #wordcloud svg { display: block; max-width: 100%; height: auto; }

@media (max-width: 1199px) { .ij-sidebar { --ij-side-pad: 16px; } }
@media (max-width: 991px)  { .ij-sidebar { --ij-side-pad: 20px; } }

/* =========================================================
   Home
   ========================================================= */
.ij-home { padding-top: 14px; }
.ij-btn--sm { height: 38px; padding: 0 18px; font-size: 13.5px; border-color: var(--ij-line); background: #f4f8fb; }

.ij-hero-home {
	position: relative; display: block; min-height: 312px; overflow: hidden; isolation: isolate;
	background: linear-gradient(100deg, #f1f6fa 0%, #e8f0f7 45%, #dbe7f1 100%);
	border-radius: 4px;
}
.ij-hero-home__text { position: relative; z-index: 3; width: 54%; padding: 26px 0 28px 24px; }
.ij-hero-home__media {
	position: absolute; z-index: 1; top: 0; right: 0; bottom: 0; width: 62%;
	background-color: #0f2a4a; background-size: cover; background-position: 62% center; background-repeat: no-repeat;
	-webkit-mask-image: linear-gradient(90deg, transparent 0, rgba(0,0,0,.55) 16%, #000 34%);
	mask-image: linear-gradient(90deg, transparent 0, rgba(0,0,0,.55) 16%, #000 34%);
}
.ij-hero-home__media::before { /* blue wash so photo matches the navy/teal palette */
	content: ""; position: absolute; inset: 0;
	background: linear-gradient(180deg, rgba(15,42,74,.15) 0%, rgba(15,42,74,.35) 100%);
}
.ij-hero-home__shapes { position: absolute; inset: 0; width: 100%; height: 100%; }
.ij-hero-home__tagline {
	position: absolute; z-index: 2; right: 22px; bottom: 20px; max-width: 170px; margin: 0;
	color: #fff; font-size: 12.5px; line-height: 1.45; font-weight: 500; letter-spacing: .8px; text-transform: uppercase;
	text-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,.35);
}
.ij-hero-home__tagline::after { content: ""; display: block; width: 30px; height: 3px; margin-top: 8px; background: #3fae5f; border-radius: 2px; }
.ij-eyebrow { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 12px; margin: 0 0 10px; color: var(--ij-green); font-size: 12.5px; font-weight: 500; letter-spacing: .3px; text-transform: uppercase; }
.ij-eyebrow::before { content: ""; width: 28px; height: 3px; background: var(--ij-green); border-radius: 2px; }
.ij-hero-home__title { margin: 0 0 12px; font-size: 36px; line-height: 1.12; font-weight: 800; color: var(--ij-navy); letter-spacing: -.4px; }
.ij-hero-home__title span { display: block; font-weight: 400; font-size: 30px; letter-spacing: 0; margin-bottom: 2px; }
.ij-hero-home__lead { margin: 0 0 18px; color: #374151; font-size: 14.5px; line-height: 1.6; max-width: 470px; }
.ij-hero-home__actions { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 14px; }
.ij-hero-home__actions .ij-btn--primary { min-width: 0; }
.ij-btn--outline { background: #fff; border-color: var(--ij-navy-2); color: var(--ij-navy) !important; }

.ij-features { list-style: none; margin: 0; padding: 18px 0; display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(4, 1fr); border-bottom: 1px solid #eef1f4; }
.ij-features li { display: flex; gap: 12px; align-items: center; padding: 4px 16px; border-left: 1px solid #e5e9ef; font-size: 13px; color: var(--ij-muted); line-height: 1.4; }
.ij-features li:first-child { border-left: 0; padding-left: 8px; }
.ij-features strong { display: block; color: var(--ij-navy); font-size: 14.5px; font-weight: 700; margin-bottom: 2px; }
.ij-features__icon { flex: 0 0 56px; height: 56px; border-radius: 50%; background: var(--ij-green-soft); display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; color: var(--ij-teal); font-size: 24px; }

.ij-home-about { display: grid; grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) 300px; gap: 40px; padding: 20px 0 18px; border-bottom: 1px solid #eef1f4; }
.ij-home-about__text .ij-section__title { margin-bottom: 12px; }
.ij-home-about__text p { color: #374151; margin: 0 0 16px; font-size: 14.5px; line-height: 1.7; }
.ij-home-about__facts { list-style: none; margin: 0; padding: 14px 22px; background: var(--ij-green-soft); border-radius: var(--ij-radius); align-self: start; }
.ij-home-about__facts li { display: flex; gap: 16px; align-items: flex-start; padding: 6px 0; color: var(--ij-navy); font-size: 13.5px; }
.ij-home-about__facts li > .fa { font-size: 22px; width: 26px; text-align: center; color: var(--ij-navy-2); margin-top: 4px; }
.ij-home-about__facts .ij-doi-icon { flex: 0 0 26px; margin-top: 3px; }
.ij-home-about__facts strong { display: block; font-size: 14.5px; font-weight: 700; color: var(--ij-navy-2); }

.ij-home-issue { padding: 20px 0 10px; }
.ij-home-issue__head { display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: space-between; gap: 16px; flex-wrap: wrap; }
.ij-home-issue__head .ij-section__title { margin: 0; }
.ij-home-issue__links { display: flex; gap: 22px; align-items: center; font-size: 14px; }
.ij-home-issue__links .ij-home-issue__id { color: var(--ij-navy) !important; font-weight: 700; font-size: 15px; }
.ij-home-issue__intro { color: #4b5563; font-size: 14px; margin: 6px 0 16px; }

.ij-cards { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr)); gap: 16px; }
.ij-acard { display: flex; flex-direction: column; border: 1px solid var(--ij-line); border-radius: var(--ij-radius); padding: 14px 16px 12px; background: #fff; transition: box-shadow .15s, border-color .15s; }
.ij-acard:hover { border-color: #c4d3e2; box-shadow: 0 6px 18px rgba(15,42,74,.08); }
.ij-badge--sm { align-self: flex-start; font-size: 11.5px; padding: 2px 8px; margin-bottom: 8px; }
.ij-acard__title { font-size: 15.5px; line-height: 1.3; font-weight: 700; margin: 0 0 6px; }
.ij-acard__title a { color: var(--ij-navy) !important; text-decoration: none !important; }
.ij-acard__title a:hover { color: var(--ij-green) !important; }
.ij-acard__authors { margin: 0; font-size: 13px; color: #4b5563; }
.ij-acard__meta { margin: 0 0 10px; font-size: 13px; color: #4b5563; }
.ij-acard__foot { list-style: none; margin: auto 0 0; padding: 8px 0 0; display: flex; gap: 18px; flex-wrap: wrap; font-size: 12.5px; color: #4b5563; }
.ij-acard__foot .fa { color: var(--ij-navy-2); margin-right: 4px; }
.ij-acard__foot a { color: var(--ij-teal) !important; }

/* =========================================================
   Editorial team
   ========================================================= */
.ij-pagehero {
	position: relative; overflow: hidden; padding: 16px 46% 20px 26px; margin-top: 14px; margin-bottom: 22px; border-radius: 4px;
	background: linear-gradient(100deg, #eef4f9 0%, #e6eef6 60%, #dbe7f1 100%);
}
.ij-pagehero::after {
	content: ""; position: absolute; top: 0; right: 0; bottom: 0; width: 46%;
	background: var(--ij-hero-img) left 30% / cover no-repeat;
	-webkit-mask-image: linear-gradient(90deg, transparent 0, #000 30%);
	mask-image: linear-gradient(90deg, transparent 0, #000 30%);
}
.ij-pagehero__crumbs { font-size: 13px; color: var(--ij-navy); margin-bottom: 6px; display: flex; gap: 8px; align-items: center; }
.ij-pagehero h1 { margin: 0 0 10px; font-size: 38px; font-weight: 800; color: var(--ij-navy); letter-spacing: -.4px; }
.ij-pagehero p { margin: 0; font-size: 14.5px; line-height: 1.6; color: #374151; position: relative; z-index: 1; }
.ij-pagehero > * { position: relative; z-index: 1; }

.ij-section__title--icon .fa { color: var(--ij-teal); margin-right: 6px; font-size: 22px; }

.ij-chiefs { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr)); gap: 16px; }
.ij-person { display: flex; gap: 22px; align-items: center; border: 1px solid var(--ij-line); border-radius: var(--ij-radius); padding: 16px 22px; }
.ij-person__avatar { flex: 0 0 104px; height: 104px; border-radius: 50%; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; background: linear-gradient(150deg, #dbe9f5, #b9d3ea); color: var(--ij-navy); font-size: 32px; font-weight: 700; }
.ij-person__name { margin: 0 0 4px; font-size: 19px; font-weight: 700; color: var(--ij-navy); }
.ij-person p { margin: 0; color: #4b5563; font-size: 14px; }
.ij-person__link { display: inline-flex; gap: 6px; align-items: center; margin-top: 8px; font-size: 13.5px; }

.ij-regions { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(4, minmax(0, 1fr)); gap: 12px; }
.ij-region { border: 1px solid var(--ij-line); border-radius: var(--ij-radius); overflow: hidden; }
.ij-region__title { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 10px; margin: 0; padding: 12px 16px; background: #f0f6fb; font-size: 15.5px; font-weight: 700; }
.ij-region__title .fa { font-size: 28px; }
.ij-region--1 .ij-region__title { color: #1e63b0; }
.ij-region--2 .ij-region__title { color: var(--ij-green); }
.ij-region--3 .ij-region__title { color: #b7791f; }
.ij-region--0 .ij-region__title { color: #7b3fa0; }
.ij-region ul { list-style: none; margin: 0; padding: 10px 16px 6px; }
.ij-region li { margin-bottom: 12px; font-size: 13.5px; color: #4b5563; line-height: 1.4; }
.ij-region li strong { display: block; color: var(--ij-navy); font-size: 14px; }
.ij-region li span { display: block; }
.ij-region li a { font-size: 12px; }

.ij-board { list-style: none; margin: 0; padding: 12px 18px; border: 1px solid var(--ij-line); border-radius: var(--ij-radius); columns: 2; column-gap: 30px; }
.ij-board li { position: relative; padding-left: 16px; margin-bottom: 4px; font-size: 13.5px; color: #4b5563; break-inside: avoid; }
.ij-board li::before { content: ""; position: absolute; left: 0; top: 8px; width: 6px; height: 6px; border-radius: 50%; background: var(--ij-green); }
.ij-board strong, .ij-board strong a { color: var(--ij-navy) !important; }

/* Responsive (home + editorial) */
@media (max-width: 991px) {
	.ij-hero-home { display: flex; flex-direction: column; min-height: 0; }
	.ij-hero-home__media { position: relative; width: 100%; height: 210px; order: -1; -webkit-mask-image: none; mask-image: none; }
	.ij-hero-home__text { width: auto; padding: 20px 20px 22px; }
}
@media (max-width: 1199px) {
	.ij-features { grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr); row-gap: 14px; }
	.ij-features li:nth-child(3) { border-left: 0; padding-left: 8px; }
	.ij-cards { grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr)); }
	.ij-regions { grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr)); }
	.ij-home-about { grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr); gap: 16px; }
}
@media (max-width: 767px) {
	.ij-hero-home__text { padding: 18px 16px 20px; }
	.ij-hero-home__title { font-size: 26px; }
	.ij-hero-home__title span { font-size: 21px; }
	.ij-features, .ij-cards, .ij-chiefs, .ij-regions { grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr); }
	.ij-features li { border-left: 0 !important; padding-left: 8px; }
	.ij-pagehero { padding: 16px; }
	.ij-pagehero::after { display: none; }
	.ij-pagehero h1 { font-size: 28px; }
	.ij-person { flex-direction: column; text-align: center; }
	.ij-board { columns: 1; }
}

/* Editor photos (images/editors/<slug>.jpg) replace the initials circle */
.ij-person__avatar--photo { display: block; width: 104px; object-fit: cover; object-position: center 40%; background: #dbe9f5; box-shadow: 0 0 0 3px #fff, 0 0 0 4px var(--ij-line); }

/* Regional editor headings: smaller, icon in a soft badge, accent line */
.ij-region { --ij-reg: #1e63b0; --ij-reg-soft: #e8f0fa; }
.ij-region--2 { --ij-reg: var(--ij-green); --ij-reg-soft: #e6f4ec; }
.ij-region--3 { --ij-reg: #b7791f; --ij-reg-soft: #fbf1e1; }
.ij-region--0 { --ij-reg: #7b3fa0; --ij-reg-soft: #f2eaf7; }
.ij-theme .ij-region__title {
	gap: 9px; min-height: 44px; box-sizing: border-box; padding: 9px 16px;
	background: #f7f9fc; border-bottom: 2px solid var(--ij-reg); color: var(--ij-reg);
	font-size: 14px; font-weight: 700; line-height: 1.25; letter-spacing: .2px;
}
.ij-region__title .fa {
	flex: 0 0 26px; width: 26px; height: 26px; border-radius: 50%;
	display: inline-flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center;
	background: var(--ij-reg-soft); color: var(--ij-reg); font-size: 14px; line-height: 1;
}
.ij-region ul { padding: 12px 16px 6px; }

/* Equal-height region headers: always reserve two lines, centre the text */
.ij-theme .ij-region__title { min-height: 56px; align-items: center; }
.ij-region__name { flex: 1 1 auto; min-width: 0; text-wrap: balance; overflow-wrap: normal; }
.ij-region { display: flex; flex-direction: column; }
@media (max-width: 600px) { .ij-theme .ij-region__title { min-height: 46px; } }

/* Region headers fit on one line ("Middle East & Africa" is the longest) */
.ij-theme .ij-region__title { min-height: 46px; padding: 10px 12px; gap: 8px; font-size: 13.5px; letter-spacing: 0; }
.ij-region__title .fa { flex-basis: 24px; width: 24px; height: 24px; font-size: 13px; }
.ij-region__name { white-space: nowrap; }
@media (max-width: 1319px) { .ij-regions { grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr)); } }
@media (max-width: 767px)  { .ij-regions { grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr); } }
@media (max-width: 360px)  { .ij-region__name { white-space: normal; } }
/* safety: never clip mid-word silently */
.ij-region__name { overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; }

/* =========================================================
   Galley buttons (PDF/HTML) on issue TOC, archive & search lists
   ========================================================= */
.ij-theme a.galley-link,
.ij-theme a.galley-link:visited {
	display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 8px;
	height: 36px; padding: 0 16px 0 6px; margin: 0 0 6px;
	background: var(--ij-navy); border: 1px solid var(--ij-navy) !important; border-radius: var(--ij-radius);
	color: #fff !important; font-family: var(--ij-font); font-size: 13.5px; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: .4px; line-height: 1;
	text-decoration: none !important; box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(15,42,74,.18);
	transition: background-color .15s, border-color .15s, box-shadow .15s, transform .15s;
}
.ij-theme a.galley-link::before {
	content: "\f15b"; font-family: FontAwesome; font-weight: normal; font-size: 13px; margin: 0 !important;
	display: inline-flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center;
	width: 24px; height: 24px; border-radius: 4px; background: rgba(255,255,255,.14); color: #fff;
}
.ij-theme a.galley-link[data-type="pdf"]::before { content: "\f1c1"; background: #e04a3f; }
.ij-theme a.galley-link[data-type="file"]::before { content: "\f121"; }
.ij-theme a.galley-link[data-type="html"]::before { content: "\f1c9"; }
.ij-theme a.galley-link:hover,
.ij-theme a.galley-link:focus {
	background: var(--ij-green); border-color: var(--ij-green) !important; color: #fff !important;
	box-shadow: 0 4px 10px rgba(31,138,76,.25); transform: translateY(-1px);
}
.ij-theme a.galley-link:focus-visible { outline: 2px solid var(--ij-orange); outline-offset: 2px; }
.ij-theme .galleryLinksWrp .pages { margin: 0; }
.ij-theme .galleryLinksWrp a.galley-link + a.galley-link { margin-left: 6px; }