DOI : https://doi.org/10.62527/ijasce.6.3.154

The Effect of Acetylation on Mechanical Properties of Biodegradable Plastic Made from Hipere Starch

Frans Augusthinus Asmuruf (1), Chesiana (2), Winda Aritonang (3), Supeno (4)
(1) Universitas Cenderawasih, Jayapura, 99351, Indonesia
(2) Universitas Cenderawasih, Jayapura, 99351, Indonesia
(3) Universitas Cenderawasih, Jayapura, 99351, Indonesia
(4) Universitas Cenderawasih, Jayapura, 99351, Indonesia
Fulltext View | Download
How to cite (IJASEIT) :
Asmuruf, F. A., Chesiana, Aritonang, W., & Supeno. (2024). The Effect of Acetylation on Mechanical Properties of Biodegradable Plastic Made from Hipere Starch. International Journal of Advanced Science Computing and Engineering, 6(3), 111–115. https://doi.org/10.62527/ijasce.6.3.154
Citation Format :
The study addresses the global problem of pollution caused by the long-term decomposition of plastic waste. It aims to explore the development of biodegradable plastics using Hipere starch and glycerol as a sustainable alternative, emphasizing their potential environmental benefits, abundance, and low cost. The primary materials used are Hipere starch, a natural polymer derived from plants, and glycerol as a plasticizer. These were selected for their compatibility and effectiveness in creating biodegradable plastics. Biodegradable plastics were synthesized through an acetylation process that modifies the starch, aiming to enhance its properties. Various concentrations of starch were tested to evaluate their impact on mechanical and physical characteristics. A soil burial test was conducted to assess biodegradability by monitoring mass reduction over seven days. The resulting plastics exhibited transparency, lightweight properties, insolubility in water, and mold-conforming shapes. Mechanical properties, including tensile strength and elongation, improved with higher starch concentrations. The soil burial test showed consistent mass reductions between 1-3% daily, with the most significant reduction occurring on day 7, demonstrating biodegradability. While improvements were observed, further research is needed to enhance mechanical properties by incorporating additional polymers or alternative modification techniques. This could expand the applications and durability of biodegradable plastics in various industries.

M. Weber Macena, R. Carvalho, L. P. Cruz-Lopes, and R. P. F.

Guiné, “Plastic Food Packaging: Perceptions and Attitudes of Portuguese Consumers about Environmental Impact and Recycling,” Sustainability, vol. 13, no. 17, p. 9953, Sep. 2021, doi: 10.3390/su13179953.

N. Evode, S. A. Qamar, M. Bilal, D. Barceló, and H. M. N. Iqbal, “Plastic waste and its management strategies for environmental sustainability,” Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering, vol. 4, p. 100142, Dec. 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.cscee.2021.100142.

Mordor Intelligence, “PLASTIC PACKAGING MARKET - GROWTH, TRENDS, COVID-19 IMPACT, AND FORECASTS (2023 - 2028),” Mordor Intelligence Page, 2023. https://www.mordorintelligence.com/industry-reports/plastic-packaging market?gclid=CjwKCAjw3ueiBhBmEiwA4BhspHqb3yYgzwjLWhbNZX9oGYfq90DWtnNiEA4lvg0ZD9i7wo6LO4e0hRoCl2UQAvD_BwE (accessed May 10, 2023).

M. Shams, I. Alam, and M. S. Mahbub, “Plastic pollution during COVID-19: Plastic waste directives and its long-term impact on the environment,” Environmental Advances, vol. 5, p. 100119, Oct. 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.envadv.2021.100119.

OECD, “Global Plastics Outlook: Economic Drivers, Environmental Impacts and Policy Options,” Paris, 2022.

Plastics Europe, “Plastics – The Facts 2021: An Analysis of European Plastics Production, Demand and Waste Data,” Brussels, 2021.

J. R. Jambeck et al., “Plastic waste inputs from land into the ocean,” Science, vol. 347, no. 6223, pp. 768–771, Feb. 2015, doi: 10.1126/science.1260352.

L. C. M. Lebreton, J. van der Zwet, J.-W. Damsteeg, B. Slat, A. Andrady, and J. Reisser, “River plastic emissions to the world’s oceans,” Nature Communications, vol. 8, no. 1, Jun. 2017, doi: 10.1038/ncomms15611.

T. D. Moshood, G. Nawanir, F. Mahmud, F. Mohamad, M. H. Ahmad, and A. AbdulGhani, “Sustainability of biodegradable plastics: New problem or solution to solve the global plastic pollution?,” Current Research in Green and Sustainable Chemistry, vol. 5, p. 100273, 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.crgsc.2022.100273.

J. Fojt, J. David, R. Přikryl, V. Řezáčová, and J. Kučerík, “A critical review of the overlooked challenge of determining micro-bioplastics in soil,” Science of The Total Environment, vol. 745, p. 140975, Nov. 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140975.

M. Qin et al., “A review of biodegradable plastics to biodegradable microplastics: Another ecological threat to soil environments?,” Journal of Cleaner Production, vol. 312, p. 127816, Aug. 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.127816.

G. Coppola, M. T. Gaudio, C. G. Lopresto, V. Calabro, S. Curcio, and S. Chakraborty, “Bioplastic from Renewable Biomass: A Facile Solution for a Greener Environment,” Earth Systems and Environment, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 231–251, Mar. 2021, doi: 10.1007/s41748-021-00208-7.

H. Cheng et al., “Starch-based biodegradable packaging materials: A review of their preparation, characterization and diverse applications in the food industry,” Trends in Food Science & Technology, vol. 114, pp. 70–82, Aug. 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.05.017.

E. L. et al. Abellas, “Bioplastic made from starch as a better alternative to commercially available plastic,” Science and Education Scientific Journal, vol. 2, no. 11, Nov. 2021.

A. Soplanit, M. K. Rumbarar, S. Tirajoh, and N. E. Suminarti, “Teknik Penggunaan Ajir pada Beberapa Varietas Ubi Jalar (Ipomoea batatas L.) di Dataran Tinggi Papua,” JURNAL BUDIDAYA PERTANIAN, vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 77–87, Jun. 2020, doi: 10.30598/jbdp.2020.16.1.77.

Victor Mambor, “Indonesia: Papua’s Sweet Potato Tradition Attempts Comeback,” benarnews.org, Nov. 04, 2015. https://www.benarnews.org/english/news/indonesian/sweet-potato-11132015141043.html (accessed Jun. 02, 2023).

Đ. Ačkar et al., “Starch Modification by Organic Acids and Their Derivatives: A Review,” Molecules, vol. 20, no. 10, pp. 19554–19570, Oct. 2015, doi: 10.3390/molecules201019554.

R. Colussi et al., “Acetylation of rice starch in an aqueous medium for use in food,” LWT - Food Science and Technology, vol. 62, no. 2, pp. 1076–1082, Jul. 2015, doi: 10.1016/j.lwt.2015.01.053.

S. L. M. E. Halal et al., “Structure, morphology and functionality of acetylated and oxidised barley starches,” Food Chemistry, vol. 168, pp. 247–256, Feb. 2015, doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.07.046.

L. do Val Siqueira, C. I. L. F. Arias, B. C. Maniglia, and C. C. Tadini, “Starch-based biodegradable plastics: methods of production, challenges and future perspectives,” Current Opinion in Food Science, vol. 38, pp. 122–130, Apr. 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.cofs.2020.10.020.

T. Jiang, Q. Duan, J. Zhu, H. Liu, and L. Yu, “Starch-based biodegradable materials: Challenges and opportunities,” Advanced Industrial and Engineering Polymer Research, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 8–18, Jan. 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.aiepr.2019.11.003.

Badan Standar Nasional, Standar Nasional Indonesia: Cara Uji Makanan dan Minuman, SNI 01-2891-1992. Badan Standar Nasional, 1992.

W. R. Saman, I. Yuliasih, and . S., “Physicochemical Characteristics and Functional Properties of White Sweet Potato Starch,” International Journal of Engineering and Management Research, vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 53–57, Jun. 2019, doi: 10.31033/ijemr.9.3.7.

J. Y. Boey, C. K. Lee, and G. S. Tay, “Factors Affecting Mechanical Properties of Reinforced Bioplastics: A Review,” Polymers, vol. 14, no. 18, p. 3737, Sep. 2022, doi: 10.3390/polym14183737.

X. Ren, “Biodegradable plastics: a solution or a challenge?,” Journal of Cleaner Production, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 27–40, Feb. 2003, doi: 10.1016/s0959-6526(02)00020-3.

A. I. Olagunju, O. S. Omoba, V. N. Enujiugha, R. A. Wiens, K. M. Gough, and R. E. Aluko, “Influence of acetylation on physicochemical and morphological characteristics of pigeon pea starch,” Food Hydrocolloids, vol. 100, p. 105424, Mar. 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2019.105424.

Y. O. Ansanay, D. Y. Runtuboi, and E. T. Wiradyo, “Potency of Utilizing Sago Starch as Natural Resource from Papua in the Production of Biodegradable Plastic”, Int. J. Adv. Sci. Eng. Inf. Technol., vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 353–358, Feb. 2022.

M. T. Zumstein et al., “Biodegradation of synthetic polymers in soils: Tracking carbon into CO2 and microbial biomass,” Science Advances, vol. 4, no. 7, Jul. 2018, doi: 10.1126/sciadv.aas9024.

ARJUN J, MANJU R, RAJESWARAN S R, and CHANDHRU M, “Banana peel starch to biodegradable alternative products for commercial plastics,” GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, vol. 22, no. 2, pp. 234–244, Feb. 2023, doi: 10.30574/gscbps.2023.22.2.0066.

N. Ahmad Shahrim, N. Sarifuddin, A. Z. Ahmad Azhar, and H. H. Mohd Zaki, “BIODEGRADATION OF MANGO SEED STARCH FILMS IN SOIL,” IIUM Engineering Journal, vol. 23, no. 1, pp. 258–267, Jan. 2022, doi: 10.31436/iiumej.v23i1.1620.